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Helminths (including anthelmintic resistance) roadmap:
Control Strategies

Roadmap for nematode control strategies

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                                                                                    Lead Summary Challenges and gap analysis
                                                                                    1 Control strategies Control strategies for nematode infection in livestock
                                                                                    2B Stakeholder acceptance Socio-economic aspects of nematode control: stakeholder acceptance
                                                                                    2A Cost-benefits Socio-economic aspects of nematode control: costs and benefits
                                                                                    2 Socioeconomic aspects Nematode epidemiology
                                                                                    3 Mathematical models Mathematical models for prediction and control
                                                                                    4E Infection management Infection control through pasture management
                                                                                    4D Disease management Preventing the introduction of drug-resistant nematodes onto farms
                                                                                    4C Biosecurity Biocontrol tools including nutrition, nutraceuticals and nematophagous fungi for the integrated control of nematodes
                                                                                    4B Therapeutics Sustainable use of anthelmintics in livestock production
                                                                                    4A Vaccines Epidemiologic requirements of vaccine against nematodes and consequences of vaccine use on the epidemiology of nematodes
                                                                                    4 Control tools Control tools
                                                                                    5 Transmission pathways within and between host species Identification of transmission pathways of nematodes and anthelmintic resistance
                                                                                    6 Contact networks Role of animal contact patterns in nematode transmission and control
                                                                                    7 Host demographics Role of animal characteristics in nematode epidemiology
                                                                                    8 R0 Apply standard epidemiological approaches, such as R0 threshold quantities, to nematode infections
                                                                                    9 Prevalence of disease Prevalence of nematodes and anthelmintic resistance
                                                                                    10 Diagnostics Diagnostic tools for the identification of animals in need of control measures
                                                                                    11 Vectors Intermediate host factors influencing control measures
                                                                                    12 Warning signals Early warning systems for nematode infections
                                                                                    13 Molecular typing Molecular epidemiology
                                                                                    14 Environment The role of environmental factors and refugia in sustainable control of nematodes and the prevention of anthelmintic resistance
                                                                                    15C Resistant/cleared How is protective immunity against nematodes maintained?
                                                                                    15B Latent/carrier What factors determine animal resilience to infection and how can resilient animals best be used in nematode control?
                                                                                    15A Active infection How do host and environmental factors together determine the establishment of infection and shedding of propagules?
                                                                                    15 Host-pathogen-environment interactions Host-pathogen-environment interactions
                                                                                    16 Co-infection Understanding the interactions between parasite species and between parasites and micro-organisms in order to build a holistic approach towards control of parasites in livestock
                                                                                    17 Host range Identify the host range involved in the epidemiology and economic impact of nematodes in livestock production
                                                                                    18 Host genetics Genes governing expression of biological key processes of host responses to nematodes in relation to their ability to establish innate and acquired immune responses, and other determinants of resistance and/or resilience
                                                                                    19 Pathogen genome Genes governing expression of biological key processes of nematodes and their adaptation to xenobiotics, alternative hosts and environmental stressors