Roadmap for nematode control strategies

Can we improve the quantitative understanding of the maintenance of innate and acquired immunity against nematodes in sheep, cattle and goats in order to incorporate this more precisely into control strategies?
How do parasite communities as a whole respond to human intervention, control methods and environmental changes rather than single taxa?
What is the effect of treatment and other control measures on immune response of different host species?

Poor quantitative understanding of maintaining immunity mechanisms and the factors provoking a breakdown in immunity, e.g. during the peri-parturient rise in nematode faecal egg counts in sheep.
To determine the role of immunity in the process of hypobiosis in different livestock species and environmental conditions.

Development and availability of multiplex and NGS technologies to define the whole nema- and pathogenome and also the host immune response (innate and induced).

Better understanding of the interactions between nutrition, production and immunity to nematodes in different farm conditions throughout the production cycle.

There are differences between livestock species in their ability to maintain immune responses against nematodes.
The more promising vaccines show that resistance against nematodes can be improved, e.g. Haemonchus contortus in sheep.
Poor nutrition, parturition and high level of production can break the immune response of adult animals.
Over-protection of replacement young-stock can lead to low immunity in adult animals, e.g. in GIN and lungworms in cattle.