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Helminths (including anthelmintic resistance) roadmap:
Vaccines

Roadmap for nematode vaccine development

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9

Adjuvant

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Dependencies

Next steps

  • 5 DNA/RNA vaccines
  • 5A Safety
  • 5B Delivery route
  • 5C Delivery platform
  • 5D Efficacy in challenge model
  • 6 Subunit vaccine
  • 6A Safety
  • 6B Delivery route
  • 6C Delivery platform
  • 6D Efficacy in challenge model
Conventional and molecular adjuvants

Research Question

  • Attempting to optimise the host’s protective immune response to antigens from a number of parasite species.
  • To identify suitable adjuvants for conventional and nucleic acid-based vaccines, including an effective delivery system.

Research Gaps and Challenges

  • The protective immune response required for the different parasite species may involve different arms of the immune response and different expression/delivery systems.
  • Understanding the mechanism of action of adjuvants
  • Many adjuvants are proprietary i.e. IP still held by commercial companies

Solution Routes

  • Establish the required immune response by using information and data from previous vaccine trials with variable levels of efficacy.
  • Identify adjuvants and administration routes which provoke the desired response.
  • Establish the correct/appropriate immune response using various combinations of antigens and adjuvants.
  • Use of novel adjuvants with PAMPs to stimulate correct responses

Dependencies

  • Precise identity of protective antigens.
  • Improved knowledge of the immune mechanisms associated with vaccine induced protection.
  • Availability of suitable adjuvants to provoke required response in required species.
  • Licensing for use in livestock species/food animals.

State Of the Art

  • QuilA and aluminium hydroxide gave variable results, possibly depending on the parasite species. Some use of bacterial extract/LPS in administration of Hc23, for example

Projects

What activities are planned or underway?

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the beta-tubulin gene and its relationship with treatment response to albendazole in human soil-transmitted helminths in Southern Mozambique

Planned Completion date 14/09/2022

Source Countries:

NetherlandsIconNetherlands

An integrated set of novel approaches to counter the emergence and proliferation of invasive and virulent soil-borne nematodes – Project part: Fostering nematode suppression in soils by cover crops and addition of biological antagonists in Organic Farming (NEM-EMERGE)

Planned Completion date 31/12/2027

Source Countries:

DenmarkIconDenmark