Influenza roadmap:
                        Control Strategies
                        Roadmap for the development of disease control strategies for influenza
Download Influenza-control-development-roadmapA
Active Infection
                Active Infection            
                                        Research Question
- Duration (and quantification?) of infectious windows for various subtypes
 - Windows of susceptibility (species, physiological status, age, presence of MDAs, etc) and shedding
 
Research Gaps and Challenges
- Effect of mutations at receptor binding site on viral replication and bird/mammalian species adaptation
 - Determinants of viral shedding from respiratory vs. intestinal tracts
 - Role of unregulated cytokine expression in production of vaccine associated enhanced respiratory disease of swine (important also for
other different species and virus strains) 
Solution Routes
- Comparative studies of pathogenesis with different influenza viruses in the swine host
 - Virus shedding patterns at the individual and flock level and age group level
 - Replication and transmission efficiency studies: compare similar studies e.g. using Mexican lineage H5N2 LPAIV and / or Asian H9N2
 - Studies on the state of active infection in hosts with varying levels of immunity
 
Dependencies
- Challenge studies with various hosts/ages/immunity/viral strains
 
Projects
What activities are planned or underway?
Impact of host age on viral and bacterial communities in a waterbird population.
Planned Completion date 01/11/2022
                                Source Countries:
                                
                        
Netherlands
Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms.
Planned Completion date 14/03/2024
                                Source Countries:
                                
                        
Netherlands