New Capripoxvirus Research Review identifies advances and critical knowledge gaps

A new STAR IDAZ Research Review brings together the most important capripoxvirus research published between January 2015 and June 2026, providing an evidence base to guide future research, funding and disease-control priorities.

Capripoxviruses (CaPV) cause clinically and economically significant transboundary diseases in cattle, sheep and goats and can also affect several wildlife species. These diseases are characterised by fever, malaise and deep skin lesions and may be fatal in severe cases or among susceptible breeds.

Their effects extend beyond animal health. Infection can permanently damage hides and wool, suppress lactation and cause the abortion of gestating foetuses. CaPV diseases are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and their presence within a country can lead to trade restrictions, further increasing their economic impact.

Although the geographic range of these diseases has traditionally been concentrated in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, recent incursions into Europe have heightened concerns about their potential spread. These developments, combined with changes in vector distribution associated with climate change, are increasing the risk posed by capripoxviruses globally.

Reviewing a decade of research

Commissioned at a pivotal point in the global capripoxvirus situation, the Capripoxvirus Research Review 2015–2026 summarises and assesses research published between January 2015 and June 2026.

The review covers advances in:

• Fundamental capripoxvirus biology
• Accurate diagnosis and differentiation in the field
• Pathogenesis and determinants of virulence
• Immune responses to infection and viral immune-evasion strategies
• Epidemiology
• Vaccines, antimicrobial approaches and policy-based control measures

As well as highlighting advances, the review identifies important gaps in current knowledge. Its findings are intended to support a formal gap-analysis process incorporating expert opinion, assessments of existing research and control measures, and first-hand knowledge from those working in affected areas.

Combining these perspectives is essential because a literature review alone cannot always capture the practical realities of disease prevention, surveillance and control.

From evidence review to research roadmaps

The Research Review informed the Capripoxvirus Gap Analysis Workshop held in Bali from 21 to 23 July 2026. The workshop brought together experts to consider the published evidence alongside practical experience and current approaches to research and disease control.

A report from the workshop will be published shortly.

The findings from the Research Review and gap-analysis process will support the creation of three research roadmaps focused on the development of:

1. Vaccines
2. Diagnostics
3. Integrated control strategies

Together, these roadmaps will help identify priority research needs and inform future funding and policy decisions aimed at improving the prevention and control of these devastating diseases.

The Capripoxvirus Research Review 2015–2026 is available on the Poxvirus Priority Topic page.