Influenza roadmap:
Vaccines
Roadmap for the development of candidate vaccines for influenza
Download Influenza-vaccine-development-roadmap17
Host-pathogen interactions
Dependencies
Next steps
Host-pathogen interactions
Research Question
- Understanding host-pathogen interaction relevant for virulence and immune response
- Host-virus protein interactions
- Functions of viral proteins
- Molecular determinants of virulence
Research Gaps and Challenges
- Identify changes in the viral genome/proteins affecting virulence/immune response (e.g. HA and NA and what impact this has on transmission)
- Determine influence of virus on host cell molecular biology
- Molecular changes required for virulence
- Limitation to conduct long-term studies
- Viral, host and environment factors that influence the risk of acquiring an HA multibasic cleavage site
- Virus determinants ( other than MBCS ) of local replication and potential systemic spread in target species
Solution Routes
- Gene expression in infected cells
- Understand the significance in changes of EIV NA (drift and shift)
- Identify mutations in the HA and non-HA genes that enhance transmission, shedding, and replication in different species
- Infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmission studies with emerging viruses in different domestic and wild bird species
- Long term pathogenesis studies to better characterize the dynamics of virus transmission in flocks
- Effect of multiple IAV strain infections in pig host
- Pathogenesis studies of new AIV subtypes to identify molecular mechanisms of adaptation/zoonotic risk
- Mechanisms behind increased pathology and transmission observed with some H9N2 and H5N2 LPAI strains – also strains like H3N1
- Better understanding of the increase in host range and virulence observed with H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b viruses
- Better understanding of how genetic reassortment in swine happened, causing circulation of multiple types
- Better understanding of the propensity of this virus to reassort
Dependencies
- Effect of environmental factors ( stress , ammonia , temperature , etc. ) on AIV transmission and pathogenesis (critical particularly for H9N2)
- Knowledge on mechanisms of transmission and environmental persistence of the virus (see control strategies roadmap)
- Effect of age, breed and physiological state (e.g. LPAI affects ability for egg production)
- Understanding the role of microbiome and co-infections in virus pathogenicity expressions and vaccine efficacy
- RESEARCH ROADMAP: CONTROL STRATEGIES -INFLUENZA V.1 23
- Understanding the role of factors such as pregnancy and obesity on the susceptibility of breeding sows to SIV infection
Projects
What activities are planned or underway?
Development of Vaccines for HPAI in Cattle, Turkey, Pigs, and Small Ruminants and Food Safety Studies Related to HPAI Virus in Food Products
Planned Completion date 25/08/2029
Source Countries:
United States
Automated non-invasive Detection of Surface Contamination and Optimizing Surface Biofilm Removal Conditions in Large-Scale Food Processing Equipment
Planned Completion date 31/08/2028
Source Countries:
United States